Ethiopian Folktales

The Father’s Willየአባትየው ኑዛዜ

Kafa Zoneከፋ ዞን · 5 min readደቂቃ ንባብ

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Narrated by Imahoy Zewditu Wudineh

A father had three children.

“I am now in my old age awaiting death. I’ll tell you something and you will do as I say. You have to fulfil my orders,” he said.

And they agreed.

Then, without their knowledge, he got three boxes. In one of the boxes he put money, and he sealed it. In the second he put soil, and had it sealed. And in the third, he put gold, and he did all this without their knowledge. Then, after sealing the three boxes, he died and the burial service was conducted and the elders got together to discuss his will.

He had written their names on the boxes.

So each one of them got according to their names but they were very surprised when they saw the contents.

“Why did he do this? We can’t object because he told us not to.”

So they went to talk to a wise man.

On their way to the wise man they came to a river{footnote}The nun narrating the story explained that the river, the grassland and the barren land in this story are symbols of the fact that God can do anything and that things are not under mankind’s control.{/footnote} where they saw a crocodile licking drops of water from the grass. And they were surprised.

“What does this mean?”

So they went on.

Then they came to grassland, very green, where a very thin horse was standing, unharnessed, with a free mouth so he could have eaten.

“What does this mean?” they wondered. “Why does this horse become skinny when there is this green grass in front of him?”

So they went on.

On their third adventure they came to a land which was barren and they saw a huge, fat donkey. And they were amazed.

“What could this mean? A crocodile licking the grass, a skinny horse in a green field, a fat donkey in barren land – it’s a puzzle for us.”

So they came to the wise man/soothsayer, who solved problems for people.

“What’s your problem?” the wise man asked.

They told him, “Well, our father gave us a will. One inherits money, one soil and one gold. So we don’t want to quarrel because we promised not to. That’s why we have come.”

The wise man said, “Go and see my older brother.”

They were amazed, because the first wise man was so old. They came to the older brother and told him their problems. He was a middle-aged man. They were surprised. His older brother walked bent and with a stick.

But he said, “I can’t solve this. Go and see my elder brother.”

And so they went.

So the elder brother was very young and he was ploughing.

“This is a miracle!” they said.

They were amazed.

He took them home to his house. Food was served. He ordered his wife to bring food.

Tradition is that you eat the meat at the end. You should eat gravy at the beginning with injera{footnote}Injera is a flat, round bread usually made from tef, a grain cultivated in the highlands of Ethiopia.{/footnote}. You eat the bones at the end. But he did the reverse. He chewed the bones, which should have been eaten last, and at the end he ate the gravy.

Then he said, “Thank God!”

“You have seen how I ate?” he asked them.

“Yes,” they replied.

He says again, “I ate all the bones before the gravy, which is not our custom. Did you see?”

They said, “Yes.”

He asked, “Do you know why I did that?”

“No,” they replied.

“It is because you never know when God comes to you, or rather the hour of your death. No one knows this. So I ate the bones first. We live a short time and never know when we will die. Nobody knows how God comes to us and takes us away, so I took the best first, as I was worried in case He came. If He takes my soul, I will not get it. We human beings run here and there and think a lot, but the decision is God’s. However we toil, whatever we do to make our life’s will, at last it’s God’s will.”

He asked them why they came and they told him.

After hearing them saying it again, the wise man said, “Your father gave you a good will. You,” he said to one of them, “are destined to be a farmer. So your father gave you soil (land). You,” he said to the one with the gold, “are destined to be a merchant, so he gave you gold. And you,” to the third one, “are destined to own flocks and herds, so he gave you money to buy cattle. In addition to this, he has suggested for you that all three of you will get money.”

“How?” they asked him.

“Just go back now to your village and you’ll understand.”

And so they went.

They took their portions: one bought cattle, one took land and the last one the gold. The one with the cattle didn’t have grassland to feed his cattle, so he asked his brother.

“No, the land is mine. You have cattle. If you want me to give you land, give me some of your cattle.”

So his brother gave him some cattle and got the land.

The merchant did all his trade and got money, but had no land to build a house, so he went to his brother.

When he saw him he said, “My father gave me land and gave you money. But I don’t have money.”

So the merchant gave him money, and the farmer gave him land and so they agreed.

The most deprived of them was the one who had soil. Cattle you can sell for money. The other had gold, but one had only land, and he was the most deprived. But he got money and cattle from his brothers. Also the three of them lived in peace getting what they needed.

The first of the Ten Commandments is, “Respect your father.” Children in the past were good and listened to their parents and never quarrelled and so they lived happily. These days people disagree with each other and make a world of misery.

የአባትየው ኑዛዜ

በእማሆይ ዘውዲቱ ውድነህ የተተረከ

አንድ አባት ሶስት ልጆች ነበሩት፡፡ ልጆቹንም ሰብስቦ “እኔ አሁን አርጅቻለሁና ሞቴን የምጠብቅ ሰው ነኝ፡፡ አሁን የምነግራችሁን ነገር እኔ እንዳልኳችሁ መፈፀም አለባችሁ፡፡ ትዕዛዜንም አክብሩ፡፡” አላቸው፡፡

ልጆቹም በሃሳቡ ተስማሙ፡፡

ከዚያም እነርሱ ሳያውቁ ሶስት ሳጥኖች አምጥቶ በአንድ ሳጥን ውስጥ ገንዘብ አስቀምጦ አሸገው፡፡ በሁለተኛውም ውስጥ አፈር ጨምሮ አሳሸገው፡፡ በሶስተኛው ሳጥን ውስጥ ደግሞ ወርቅ አስቀምጦ አሸገው፡፡ ይህንን ሁሉ ያደርግ የነበረው ልጆቹ ሳያዩት ነበር፡፡ ሶስቱንም ሳጥኖች ካሸጋቸው በኋላ በሞተ ጊዜ ቀብሩ ከተከናወነ በኋላ አዛውንቶች ተሰባስበው ስለኑዛዜው መወያየት ጀመሩ፡፡ ሰውየውም የሶስቱን ልጆች ስም በሳጥኖቹ ላይ ፅፎ ስለነበረ እያንዳንዳቸው ሳጥኖቹን በየስማቸው ከወሰዱ በኋላ ሳጥኑ ውስጥ ያገኙትን ነገር ሲያዩ ተገርመው ነበር፡፡

“ለምንድነው ይህንን ያደረገው? በርግጥ አትቃወሙ ብሎን ስለነበረ መቃወም አንችልም፡፡”

ከዚያም ወደ አንድ ብልህ ሰው ዘንድ ለመሄድ ወስነው ሲጓዙ በመንገዳቸው ላይ ከአንድ ወንዝ{footnote}ተራኪዋ እማሆይ በዚህ ታሪክ ውስጥ ያሉት ወንዝ፣ የሳር መስክና ጭንጫው መሬት እግዚአብሔር ሁሉን ማድረግ እንደሚችልና ነገሮች ሁሉ በሰው ልጅ ቁጥጥር ስር እንዳልሆኑ የሚያመለክት ተምሳሌቶች መሆናቸውን አስረድተዋል፡፡{/footnote} አጠገብ አንድ አዞ ጤዛ ሲልስ አይተው ተገረሙ፡፡

“ይህ ምን ማለት ነው?” ብለው መንገዳቸውን ቀጠሉ፡፡

ከዚያም በጣም ለምለም ከሆነ መስክ አጠገብ ደረሱ፡፡

በለምለሙም መስክ ላይ ያልተለጎመና ሳር መብላት የሚችል ግን በጣም የከሳ ፈረስ አዩ፡፡ በዚህም ተገርመው “የሚደንቅ ነው፡፡ ይህ ፈረስ ይህንን የመሰለ ለምለም ሳር ከፊቱ እያለ እንዴት ሊከሳ ቻለ?” ብለው አሁንም መንገዳቸውን ቀጠሉ፡፡

ለሶስተኛም ጊዜ ከአንድ ጠፍ ወይም ደረቅ መሬት ሲደርሱ አንድ ግዙፍ ወፍራም አህያ አይተው በሁኔታው በመገረም “ይህ ምን ማለት ነው? ጤዛ የሚልስ አዞ፣ ከሲታ ፈረስ በለምለም መስክ ላይ፣ ወፍራም አህያ በደረቅ መሬት ላይ፤ይህ ለእኛ የተላከ እንቆቅልሽ ነው፡፡” አሉ፡፡

በመጨረሻም ወደ አዋቂው (አስማተኛውና) የሰዎችን ችግር ከሚፈታ ሰው ዘንድ ደረሱ፡፡

አዋቂውም ሰው “ችግራችሁ ምንድነው?” ብሎ ጠየቃቸው፡፡

እነርሱም “እነሆ አባታችን ተናዞልን ነበር፡፡ ለአንደኛችን ገንዘብ፣ለአንደኛችን አፈር፣ ለአንደኛችን ደግሞ ወርቅ ተናዞልን ሞተ፡፡ ከመሞቱም በፊት እንዳንጣላ ቃል አስገብቶን ስለነበረ አልተጣላንም፡፡ ለዚህ ነው ወደዚህ የመጣነው፡፡” አሉት፡፡

አዋቂውም ሰው “ሄዳችሁ ታላቅ ወንድሜን አግኙት፡፡” አላቸው፡፡ እነርሱም የመጀመሪያው አዋቂ ሰው እጅግ በጣም ያረጀ ስለነበረ ታላቅ ወንድም እንዳለው ሲያወቁ ተገረሙ፡፡ ወደ ታላቅየውም ሰው ዘንድ ሄደው ችግራቸውን ነገሩት፡፡ ታላቅ ወንድሙ ግን የመሃከለኛ እድሜ ጎልማሳ ስለነበረ ተገረሙ፡፡ ታናሽ ወንድሙ የጎበጠና በከዘራ የሚሄድ ሰው ነበር፡፡

እርሱም “ይህንን እኔ መፍታት አልችልምና ሄዳችሁ ታላቅ ወንድሜን አማክሩት፡፡” አላቸው፡፡

እነርሱም ወደ ታላቅ ወንድማቸው ሲሄዱ ያርስ የነበረ በጣም ወጣት ሰው ሆኖ አገኙት፡፡

“ይህ ተዓምር ነው፡፡” አሉ፡፡ በጣም ተገረሙም፡፡

እርሱም ወደቤቱ ወስዷቸው ምግብ እንዲበሉ፣ ሰውየው ሚስቱ ምግብ እንድታቀርብ አዘዛት፡፡

በባህሉ መሰረት ስጋ የሚበላው መጨረሻ ላይ ነው፡፡ መጀመሪያ የሚበላው መረቅ በእንጀራ{footnote}እንጀራ በኢትዮጲያ ደጋማ ስፍራዎች ከሚበቅለው የጤፍ ዱቄት የሚሰራ ስስና ክብ የምግብ ዓይነት ነው፡፡{/footnote} ነው፡፡ አጥንቱ የሚበላው በመጨረሻ ላይ ነው፡፡

ሰውየው ግን ተቃራኒውን ነው ያደረገው፡፡ መጨረሻ መብላት ያለበትን አጥንት መጀመሪያ ከበላ በኋላ መጨረሻ ላይ መረቁን መጠጣት ጀመረ፡፡

በመጨረሻም “ተመስገን!” አለ፡፡ “እንዴት እንደበላሁ አያችሁ?” አላቸው፡፡

እነርሱም “አዎ” አሉት፡፡

ሰውየውም እንደገና “አጥንቶቹን በሙሉ ከመረቁ በፊት በላሁ፡፡ ይህም የእኛ ባህል አይደለም፡፡ አይታችኋል?” አላቸው፡፡

እነርሱም “አዎ” ሲሉት “ለምን እንደዚያ እንዳደረኩ ታውቃላችሁ?” ብሎ ሲጠይቃቸው “አናውቅም፡፡” አሉት፡፡

እርሱም “ምክንያቱም እግዚአብሔር ወደ እናንተ መቼ እንደሚመጣ ማለትም መቼ እንደምትሞቱ አታውቁም፡፡ ይህንን ማንም አያውቅም፡፡ ስለዚህ በቅድሚያ አጥንቱን በላሁ፡፡ የምንኖረው አጭር ጊዜ ሲሆን መሞቻችንን በፍፁም አናውቅም፡፡ የእግዚአብሔርን መምጫ ማንም አያውቅም፡፡ ነፍሳችንንም መቼ እንደሚወስዳት አናውቅምና በመጀመሪያ ምርጡን ነገር በላሁ፡፡ ድንገት ቢመጣስ ብዬ ስለሰጋሁ ነው፡፡ ነፍሴን አንዴ ከወሰዳት መልሼ አላገኛትም፡፡ እኛ ሰዎች ወዲህ ወዲያ ስንባዝንና ብዙ ስናስብ እንውላለን፣ ውሳኔው ግን የእግዚአብሔር ነው፡፡ ምንም ያህል ብንለፋ፣ የህይወታችንን ምርጫ ለማሟላት ምንም ያህል ብንጥር በመጨረሻ የሚሆነው የእግዚአብሔር ፈቃድ ነው፡፡” ብሎ ነገራቸው፡፡

ከዚያም ለምን ወደእርሱ እንደመጡ ሲጠይቃቸው ነገሩት፡፡ ጉዳያቸውን እንደገና ሲተርኩለት ከሰማ በኋላ አዋቂው ሰው “አባታችሁ ጥሩ ኑዛዜ ነው የተወላችሁ፡፡ አንተ” ብሎ ወደ አንደኛው እየጠቆመ “ያንተ ዕጣ ፈንታ ግብርና ነው፡፡ ስለዚህ ነው አባትህ አፈር (መሬት) የሰጠህ፡፡ አንተ ደግሞ” አለ ወደ ባለ ወርቁ እያመላከተ “አንተ ዕጣ ክፍልህ ንግድ ነው፡፡ ወርቅ የተሰጠህም ለዚህ ነው፡፡ አንተ ሶስተኛው ደግሞ የከብቶች መንጋ ማርባት እድልህ ነው፡፡ ለዚህ ነው ከብቶች እንድትገዛ ገንዘብ የተወልህ ከዚህ በተጨማሪ ሁላችሁም ገንዘብ እንደምታገኙ አመላክቷችኋል፡፡” አላቸው፡፡

እነርሱም “እንዴት?” አሉት፡፡

“አሁን ዝም ብላችሁ ወደ መንደራችሁ ተመለሱና በኋላ ይገባችኋል፡፡” ሲላቸው ተነስተው ሄዱ፡፡

ድርሻቸውንም ወሰዱ፤ አንደኛው ከብቶች ገዛ፣ አንደኛው መሬት፣ ሶስተኛውም ወርቁን ወሰደ፡፡ ባለከብቱ ከብቶቹን የሚያበላቸው የግጦሽ መሬት ስላልነበረው ሌላኛውን ወንድሙን ጠየቀ፡፡

ወንድሙም “አይሆንም! መሬቱ የእኔ ነው፡፡ አንተ ከብቶች ስላሉህ መሬት እንድሰጥህ ከፈለክ የተወሰኑ ከብቶች ስጠኝ፡፡” አለው፡፡

ባለከብቱም የተወሰኑ ከብቶች ለወንድሙ ሰጥቶት መሬቱን አገኘ፡፡ ነጋዴውም ንግዱን አካሂዶ ገንዘብ አገኘ፡፡ ሆኖም ቤት መስሪያ ቦታ ስላልነበረው ወደ ወንድሙ ዘንድ ሄዶ ሲጠይቀው ወንድሙም “አባቴ ለእኔ መሬት ሲሰጠኝ ለአንተ ገንዘብ ሰጥቶሃል፡፡ እኔ ግን ገንዘብ የለኝም፡፡” አለው፡፡

ነጋዴውም ለወንድሙ ገንዘብ ሰጥቶት ገበሬው ወንድሙ መሬት ስለሰጠው ተስማሙ፡፡

ከሁሉ በጣም ተጎድቶ የነበረው ልጅ አፈር (መሬት) ያገኘው ልጅ ነበር፡፡ ከብቶች ያገኘው ከብቶቹን መሸጥ ይችላል፡፡ ሌላኛውም ወርቅ ነበረው፡፡ ሶስተኛው ግን መሬት ብቻ ስለነበረው ተበድሎ ነበር፡፡ ነገር ግን ገንዘቡንና ከብቶቹን ከወንድሞቹ አገኘ፡፡ በዚህ ዓይነት ሶስቱም የሚፈልጉትን አግኝተው በሰላም መኖር ጀመሩ፡፡

ከአስርቱ ትእዛዛትም አንደኛው “አባትህን አክብር” የሚል ነው፡፡ ድሮ ልጆች መልካም ነበሩ፡፡ የወላጆቻቸውን ምክር የሚሰሙና በፍፁም የማይጣሉ ስለነበረ በደስታ ይኖሩ ነበር፡፡ አሁን ግን ሰዎች እርስ በርሳቸው አይስማሙም፣በራሳቸውም ላይ መዓት ያመጣሉ፡፡

In the original voice — hear tales from Kafa Zoneከፋ ዞን, told in Kafa. Listen ›

Check your understandingግንዛቤዎን ይፈትሹ

  1. How many children did the father have?

  2. What did the father put in the boxes without his children knowing?

  3. How did the father decide which child got which box?

  4. Why did the children say they could not object to what they received?

  5. Who did the children decide to go and talk to about the strange boxes?

  6. What surprising thing did the children see at the river?

For discussionለውይይት

  • Why do you think the father gave his children different things (money, soil, and gold) without telling them? What might he have wanted them to learn?
  • The children were surprised but did not object because their father had asked them not to. What does this tell you about how they respected their father?
  • The story says the river, grassland, and barren land are symbols that God can do anything and things are not under people's control. What do you think this lesson means?
  • Why do you think the children chose to go to a wise man instead of trying to solve the mystery by themselves?